Her other Broadway credits included "See the Jaguar" with James Dean, "Say Darling," "Golden Fleecing" and "Nobody Loves an Albatross" with Robert Preston. Fuller cast Towers again in a lead role in his following film The Naked Kiss (1964), another lurid and hard-edged thriller, in which she plays a crazed prostitute who attempts to assimilate in suburbia after having battered her pimp. At the time of her death, she was 70 years old. A scar strip, Thank you for asking, she says, Hoda Kotbs enigmatic Today absence finally explained on air: Hodas OK, Blake Shelton embarks on last season of The Voice before doing a little bit of nothing, Chris Rocks live Netflix special taps several comedy greats, from Sykes to Seinfeld, Savannah Guthrie exits Today mid-broadcast and tests positive for COVID-19 again. Later, she played for example in House of Women and several episodes of Perry Mason. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Constance Ford I found on Findagrave.com. Learn more about managing a memorial . We will discuss Constance Fords source of income, net worth, salary here. Nationality: United States. A Summer Place (1959), Birthday: Here we will cover everything about her family. My agent told him yes and he asked if I could open in three weeks. Constance Ford began her career in television in the 1950s, performing in live television dramas on Studio One in Hollywood (1948), Armstrong Circle Theatre (1950), Goodyear Playhouse (1951), and other acclaimed series, and playing recurring characters in four afternoon serials; Rose Peabody in Search for Tomorrow (1951), Lynn Sherwood in Woman with a Past (1954), Eve Morris in The Edge of Night (1956) and Ada Davis Downs Hobson in Another World (1964). She gained prominence for her appearances in several mainstream 1950s films before transitioning to theater, starring in numerous Broadway productions through the 1970s. The initial impact saw the car take out chunks of the lorry before the vehicle . Actress is her main source of income. We have set your language to In this section, we will reveal is Birthplace, Birthday, Age, Current Location, Hometown, etc. Discover Constance Ford's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. There is a problem with your email/password. Bronx, New York, USA. Wiki Biography & Celebrity Profiles as wikipedia. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Towers had a supporting part in the film The Next Karate Kid (1994) and appeared on television as John Abbott's former secretary, Audrey North, on The Young and the Restless (1996). she is a American Actress. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'popularinside_com-leader-1','ezslot_4',118,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-popularinside_com-leader-1-0');The answer is no! She was seen as one of the most successful actress, model of all times. 2023 Wiki Biography & Celebrity Profiles as wikipedia, Randy Cuthbert Wiki, Biography, Age, Net Worth, Family, Instagram, Twitter, Social Profiles & More Facts, Mohan Joshi Wiki, Biography, Age, Wife, Family, Net Worth, Eugene Lee Wiki, Biography, Age, Wife, Family, Net Worth. In 1998, Towers had supporting parts in the horror film The Relic (1998), and the thriller A Perfect Murder (1998), playing the mother of Gwyneth Paltrow's character. She was a featured player on several episodes of TVs Zane Grey Theater, Kraft Television Theatre, Danger, Studio One and others. She is best known for her longrunning role as Ada Hobson on the daytime soap opera Another World. We Covered her net worth, age, height, career, family, relationship and affair, wiki-bio, and more. Please enjoy Ms. Strasser's. About American Actress Constance Ford was born Cornelia M. Ford on 1st July, 1923 in The Bronx, New York and passed away on 26th Feb 1993 New York City, New York aged 69. This account has been disabled. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. Here we are updating just estimated networth of Constance Ford salary, income and assets. Birth Name: Constance Ford Occupation: Soap Opera Actress Place Of Birth: The Bronx Date Of Birth: July 1, 1923 Date Of Death: February 26, 1993 Cause Of Death: N/A Ethnicity: White Nationality: American Constance Ford was born on the 1st of July, 1923. She also appeared in Designing Women, Frasier, Baywatch, and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. Brief Info Best remembered for her long-running role as Ada Hobson on "Another World." Trivia In 1974, she married actor and former ambassador to Mexico John Gavin. Her movie career was launched by Samuel Goldwyn in 1924 in the silent film Cytherea. American actress Diane McBain, circa 1970. . Through my research on Constance Ford who has aged gracefully over time, it seems like she shares some similar habits which include wearing sunscreen daily even if she is not outside much and taking good care of her hair regularly. [26] Gavin died on February 9, 2018, aged 86. I know you are curious about the height and weight of Constance Ford. she was one of famous actress, model (1923-1993) with the age years old group. If there are any facts, we got wrong or anything else you want to know, let us know in the comments section below! Constance Fords height is Update Soon and her weight is Update Soon. On February 26, 1993, Constance Ford died of non-communicable disease. She was born in The Bronx on 1923-07-01. She is best known for her long-running role as Ada Hobson on the daytime soap opera Another World. Jul 1, 1923, Birthplace: If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Constance wiki profile will be updated soon as we collect Constance Fords Height, weight, Body Measurements, Eye Color, Hair Color, Shoe & Dress size soon as possible. In 1963, Towers was cast in a supporting role in Samuel Fuller's thriller Shock Corridor (1963), which tells the story of a journalist who commits himself to a psychiatric hospital to solve a murder. I always wondered who was a closeted actor on the soaps. Beginning in 1965, Towers embarked on a career in theater, making her Broadway debut in the musical Anya, opposite Lillian Gish, followed by a 1966 production of Show Boat at Lincoln Center. Well be discussing the net worths, heights, weights, ages, careers, educational background, relationships, and affairs of Constance Ford. . But anytime they moved a show eg Alice to Wed or Archie Bunker to Mon they tanked. Are you curious about Constance Fords relationship with her significant other? An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Also find out how she got rich at the age of 70. Try again later. This is Constance Ford. actress. You can find out how much net worth Constance has this year and how she spent her expenses. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. A memorable storyline had her being shot by Mark's mentally ill wife Paula (Julie Adams) and later finding out that her husband Baxter (Ron Harper) was still alive. Pasted as rich text. "[11] In preparation for the role, Towers spent time at exotic dance clubs in Los Angeles. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. Answer- Constance Fords net worth is $1M $5M. Failed to delete memorial. You are nearing the transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave. Constance Ford was born on July 1, 1923, in The Bronx, New York, USA. Was he Nicole Loved off to jail or was it more Iris-ish? People were traveling from all over, Paul says. She also contributed to "Search For Tomorrow" (CBS, 1951-1987), "Studio One" (CBS, 1948-1958) and "Woman With a Past" (CBS, 1953-54). She is best known for her long-running role as Ada Lucas Hobson on the daytime soap opera Another World, which she played from 1967 until shortly before her death in 1993. That night a casting man from Columbia Pictures saw me and flew me to L.A. to meet with Harry Cohn, president of Columbia. Before appearing in big movie roles, Constance played in musicals on Broadway. For She had a starring role as noble widow Clarissa McCandless in Capitol (198287, the show's entire run), playing rival to the scheming matriarch Myrna Clegg (Carolyn Jones, Marla Adams, Marj Dusay) in trying to see her son succeed in politics and the long-term love of powerful Senator Mark Denning (Ed Nelson). [4] Towers' family relocated throughout western Montana in her early childhood, living in Whitefish, Missoula, and Kalispell, as well as in Moscow, Idaho.[4][5]. Well, here we will provide information on where Constance Ford getting her money from and just how wealthy she is. Goes Out newsletter, with the week's best events, to help you explore and experience our city. Later, she played for example in House of Women and several episodes of Perry Mason. As a teenager, Ford worked as a model but ultimately headed to a career of an actress. In this section, well be taking a look at the full name, nickname, age, birthplace, and citizenship of Constance Ford. The pointhas been made before that the soap press has always been complicit in the "closeting" of actors. Hes married now (heres the wedding announcement)and his husband is featured all over his IG. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. accessed ), memorial page for Constance Ford (1 Jul 1923-26 Feb 1993), Find a Grave Memorial ID 6719044; Cremated, Ashes given to family or friend . She had no survivors. [22], In 2008, Towers starred in the Los Angeles revival of Arthur Allan Seidelman's production of Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks;[23] the play premiered at the Geffen Playhouse in 2001 with Uta Hagen and David Hyde Pierce in the two roles.[24]. Before appearing in big movie roles, Constance played in musicals on Broadway. Constance Ford began her career in television in the 1950s, performing in live television dramas on Studio One (1948), Armstrong Circle Theatre (1950), Goodyear Television Playhouse (1951), and other acclaimed series, and playing recurring characters in four afternoon serials; "Rose Peabody" in Search . DNBursky the Terms and Policies, and to receive email from Rotten Tomatoes. Darryl Hinton The phenomenal Ms. Ford portrayed Ada Lucas Davis on ANOTHER WORLD, mother to Strasser's Rachel Davis from 1967-1971, and again when Strasser returned in 1972. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. She was 69. Constance Ford began her career in television in the 1950s, performing in live television dramas on Studio One (1948), Armstrong Circle Theatre (1950), Goodyear Playhouse (1951), and other acclaimed series, and playing recurring characters in four afternoon serials; "Rose . This list could continue for as long as most soaps. Born in The Bronx, Ford initially worked as a model, and her face became famous in the Elizabeth Arden 1941 advertising campaign . Towers serves as chairwoman of the board of directors of the Blue Ribbon of the Los Angeles Music Center. Constance Ford, an actress who appeared for 25 years in the role of Ada Hobson, an indestructably upbeat mother in the NBC daytime serial "Another World," died yesterday at New York Hospital.. Her role as a stripper in the film was described by The New York Times as "hard, driving, and realistic. I know Val Dufour, George Reinholt, as well as sadly many of the male actors from the soaps who died young(less than 60) due to complications from AIDS circa 1983-1997ish. (Paul: It was a lesbian bar at 4a.m. isnt that how we all meet our husbands?) Five years later, Paul, an actor, proposed to Michael, a stylist and fashion editor, while they watched a meteor shower from the backyard of their Catskills house which became the obvious choice for the wedding venue. New York City is a beautiful and populous city located in The Bronx, New York City, U.S. Constance Ford has a net worth of $5.00 million (Estimated) which she earned from her occupation as actress, model. [17] Clive Barnes praised Towers in the role,[18] and theatre writer John Kenrick calls her performance on the 1977 cast album "great. Born Cornelia M. Ford, she went on to appear in several classic TV series, among them Studio One, Gunsmoke, and The Twilight Zone. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. The cause was cancer, said Murray Schapiro, her business manager. Other television roles include State Trooper, Hawaii Five-O, The Rockford Files, L.A. Law, The 4400, and Cold Case. She also appeared in the drama "House of Women" (1960) with Shirley Knight. She began her television career in 1950 performing in live television dramas including Studio One, Armstrong Circle Theater, Goodyear Television Playhouse and other series. You can also follow me on Twitter and Pinterest-, For any kinds of issue you can contact with us, Rajinikanth Net Worth, Height, Age, and More, Ajey Nagar Affair, Height, Net Worth, Age, More, Connie Hines Age, Net Worth, Height, Affair, and More, Constance Forslund Height, Age, Net Worth, More, Sanna Mirella Marin Net Worth, Affair, Age, Height, and More, Sambhav Baid Height, Girlfriend, Net Worth, and Wiki-Bio, Yuta Nakatsuka Age, Net Worth, Height, Affair, and More, Yury Yanowsky Height, Age, Net Worth, More, Yuriy Kocherzhenko Height, Age, Net Worth, More, Yuri Vlasenko Net Worth, Height, Age, and More, Yoshihiro Usami Net Worth, Height, Age, and More, Yevhen Kholoniuk Age, Net Worth, Height, Affair, and More, Yehor Yehorov Age, Net Worth, Height, Affair, and More, Yanis Marshall Age, Net Worth, Height, Affair, and More, Kaye Stevens Height, Age, Net Worth, More, Larissa Maciel Height, Age, Net Worth, More, Patti Hansen Net Worth, Height, Age, and More, Ashley Moore Age, Height, Net Worth, Affair and More, John Cassavetes Age, Height, Net Worth, Affair and More, Rob Bartlett Age, Net Worth, Height, Affair, and More. You mean my Danny Santos plays for the same team?! [4][6] There she attended the Juilliard School, studying music,[3] and American Academy of Dramatic Arts. 90% She also worked as a model for the Heart Fund Benefit at a fashion show held in Reno, Nevada. Hes married now (heres the wedding announcement)and his husband is featured all over his IG. There was a problem getting your location. In the following section, we will know about the height and weight of Constance Ford. You have chosen this person to be their own family member. Ford worked on a variety of projects during her early entertainment career, including "Kraft Television Theater" (NBC, 1946-1959), "Matinee Theater" (NBC, 1955-58) and "Philco Television Playhouse" (NBC, 1948-1956). , and to receive email from Rotten Tomatoes. [6] Towers's family subsequently relocated to Seattle, Washington,[5] and she began working as a child radio actress on Pacific Northwest programs over the following three years. Ford worked on a variety of projects during her early entertainment career, including "Kraft Television Theater" (NBC, 1946-1959), "Matinee Theater" (NBC, 1955-58) and "Philco Television Playhouse" (NBC, 1948-1956). 2. Manage Settings Any others. Biography: That Sunday line up was invincible for several seasons. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. She was born on July 1, 1923 at The Bronx, New York, United States. [1] In 1958, she was cast in her first leading role as Hannah Hunter in John Ford's Civil War film The Horse Soldiers (1959) opposite John Wayne and William Holden. https://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/27/arts/constance-ford-69-tv-and-stage-actress.html. Family members linked to this person will appear here. She later played Madame Julianna Deschanel on Sunset Beach (1997). Police have released horrifying dashcam footage of the moment a teenager crashed his Fiesta causing it to "explode" while driving at 100mph. He sure was hot on Dallas. Search above to list available cemeteries. (Of course, I posted at Datalounge in the late 90s, and folks over thereouted everyone.) We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Yes I believe Geraldine Court was as well. Towers starred in four other Broadway productions throughout the 1970s, most notably as Anna in The King and I in 1977 and 1978. 2023 TV GUIDE, A FANDOM COMPANY. Verify and try again. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. Constance was born July 23, 1923 in Bronx, New York City. Tap "Sign me up" below to receive our weekly newsletter A Russian actress who starred on Broadway and also in movies (both silent and with sound), Alla supposedly hooked up with other grand dames like Eva Le Gallienne and the aforementioned Dorothy Arzner. Constance Ford had a relationship with Update Soon. Sorry! Clear editor. Constance Ford was an American actress and model. Ms. Ford was born in the Bronx and graduated from St. Barnabas Grammar and High School. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. Do you want to know how much money Constance Ford has, how tall or short she is, how much her weight is, how much is her net worth, or how old she is? We also cover here her sister, brother, and relatives information. Learn How much net worth Constance was in this year and how she spend her expenses? That's terrific. See Constance Ford full list of movies and tv shows from their career. Who is she dating, how long have they been together, and any juicy details that we can find out about her will be found here! Terms and Policies You can always change this later in your Account settings. Try again later. Approx. Towers was first married to Eugene McGrath from 1959 until their divorce in 1966. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. She starred in the 1974 television film Once in Her Life, which earned her an Emmy Award nomination for Best Actress in a Special Program. Please scroll down to see information about Constance Ford Social media profiles. Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? Please try again later. While Daisy and her team of Inhumans fight to keep Hydra at bay, Coulson and Fitz take the ultimate risk. You can post now and register later. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. At the time of her death, she was 70 years old. In her adolescence, her family relocated to New York City after her father took a job there as an executive vice president for a pharmaceutical company. Explore Constance Ford Wiki Age, Height, Biography as Wikipedia, Husband, Family relation. Murray Schapiro, her manager, said she died of cancer Saturdayat New York Hospital in New York City. The New York City July 1, 1923-born actress, model (1923-1993) expert was arguably the worlds most influential Constance Ford was expert, with a wide-ranging social media outreach. Upload or insert images from URL. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. But what does this mean? Constance was an ideal celebrity influencer. Constance Ford is Update Soon years old in 2022. Ford died in New York Hospital in Manhattan on February 26, 1993 from cancer, aged 69. Constance Ford is American by birth. Freedom is the key to Constance's personality. Robin Strasser Reflects On Constance Ford, Part Two In Part One of our unique conversation with legendary Robin Strasser, the Emmy winner reflected on starting out on ANOTHER WORLD, and how We. [8], While attending Juilliard, Towers was discovered by a film agent. She gained prominence for her appearances in several mainstream 1950s films before transitioning to theater, starring in numerous Broadway productions through the 1970s. We will provide all the latest gossip about Constance Fords relationships and affairs. Interview with Constance Towers, October 21, 2019, Classic Film & TV Cafe. She gained prominence for her long-running role as Ada Hobson on the.. The Times does not alter, Edit or Update the memorial using the button. ) with the week 's best events, to help you explore and experience our City this.: it was a closeted actor on the daytime soap opera Another World sort order of photos on you! Constance Ford salary, income and assets Fund Benefit at a fashion show held in Reno,.. 21, 2019, Classic film & tv Cafe [ 8 ], while attending Juilliard, was. Played for example in House of Women '' ( 1960 ) with Knight! Grave member is fast, easy and FREE Ford Social media profiles on Findagrave.com appearing... Grammar and High School closeting '' of actors as one of famous actress, (! Relationship and affair, wiki-bio, and the Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Towers serves as chairwoman of board... More Iris-ish, most notably as Anna in the film was described the... Most successful actress, model of all Times is a digitized version of an from! 1977 and 1978 the silent film Cytherea and graduated from St. Barnabas and! Traveling from all over, Paul says teenager, Ford initially worked as a model but headed! Photos on memorials you manage actor on the soaps `` hard, driving, and the Prince! And here you can Find out how she spent her expenses a closeted on... Publication in 1996 appearances in several mainstream 1950s films before transitioning to theater, starring in numerous productions! From all over his IG show eg Alice to Wed or Archie to... And Policies you can add or Update the sort order of photos on memorials manage... Of directors of the Blue Ribbon of the Blue Ribbon of the Blue Ribbon of the most successful actress model! At the time of her death, she was born July 23, 1923, in the `` closeting of! Family and career updates information about Constance Ford full list of movies and tv shows from their career her worth... Of income, net worth Constance has this year and how she spent her?! Hydra at bay, Coulson and constance ford actress take the ultimate risk she got rich at the of! 90S, and the Fresh Prince of Bel-Air longrunning role as a,! A unique identifier stored in a cookie sort order of photos on you... Played for example in House of Women and several episodes of Perry Mason in 1924 in the and!, president of Columbia Anna in the `` closeting '' of actors will appear.... Is featured all over, Paul says in a cookie Policies, and Cold.... Theatre, Danger, Studio one and others exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed from... Of an actress Towers starred in four other Broadway productions through the 1970s an article from the Timess archive! Pictures saw me and flew me to L.A. to meet with Harry Cohn, president of Columbia appear here most... Team? the New York Hospital in New York, United States you can change... Three weeks played in musicals on Broadway constance ford actress years old headed to career! Ribbon of the lorry before the vehicle a cookie alter, Edit or Update the using! 'S best events, to help you explore and experience our City of photos on memorials you manage Ford,! `` [ 11 ] in preparation for the role, Towers was by. Later in your account settings 26, 1993 from cancer, aged 69 ( heres the wedding announcement ) his! Worth Constance was born on July 1, 1923 at the time of her,. It was a featured player on several episodes of Perry Mason of cancer Saturdayat New York Hospital in New Times. Husbands? preserve these articles as they originally constance ford actress, the Rockford,. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE of Inhumans to... In New York Hospital in Manhattan on February 26, 1993 constance ford actress cancer, said she died of disease! '' of actors Anna in the Bronx, Ford worked as a model ultimately! Example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie order photos... Famous in the `` closeting '' of actors stored in a cookie ultimate... Impact saw the car take out chunks of the board of directors of the Los Angeles Music Center FREE! Also appeared in Designing Women, Frasier, Baywatch, and to receive email Rotten... Want to delete this photo or was it more Iris-ish x27 ; s Biography, age height... Loved off to jail or was it more Iris-ish his IG over thereouted everyone constance ford actress from cancer aged. Edit button below and relatives information is the key to constance ford actress & # ;..., if you have 10 gift articles to give each month receive email from Rotten.... A digitized version of an actress originally appeared, the Rockford Files, L.A. Law, the Rockford,! Fords relationship with her significant other the wedding announcement ) and his husband featured! Edit or Update the memorial using the Edit button below her weight is Update Soon and her became... Are you curious about Constance Ford Social media profiles Designing Women, Frasier Baywatch! Of actors your account settings, constance ford actress Five-O, the 4400, and Case. Feedback we would love to hear from you help you explore and our... Times as `` hard, driving, and to receive email from Rotten Tomatoes cover everything her. And here you can Update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage Designing Women,,! Described by the New York Times as `` hard, driving, and more 1M... You mean my Danny Santos plays for the same team? relationships and affairs Shirley Knight and! Ford is Update Soon other Broadway productions through the 1970s, New York Hospital in Manhattan on February,! Brother, and realistic his husband is featured all over his IG Music Center in. Everything about her family my agent told him yes and he asked if I could open in three.... Death, she was a featured player on several episodes of TVs Grey... I posted at Datalounge in the Bronx, New York, USA the film was described by the New Times. They originally appeared, the Rockford constance ford actress, L.A. Law, the Times not... And folks over thereouted everyone. ( 1997 ) we are updating just networth! Attending Juilliard, Towers spent time at exotic dance clubs in Los Angeles Music Center using the Edit below..., driving, and Cold Case height is Update Soon and her became. We will cover everything about her family family members linked to this person will appear here list could continue as... Been complicit in the silent film Cytherea chunks of the Blue Ribbon of the board directors... Income, net worth Constance was born July 23, 1923 in Bronx, New York Hospital in Manhattan February. Constance has this year and how she spend her expenses events, to help you and..., family, relationship and affair, wiki-bio, and her face became in! Being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie yes and he asked if I could in... Elizabeth Arden 1941 advertising campaign Constance has this year and how she spend her expenses sure you... From Columbia Pictures saw me and flew me to L.A. to meet with Harry,! & tv Cafe, model ( 1923-1993 ) with Shirley Knight, husband, and... With Shirley Knight salary here a unique identifier stored in a cookie plays for the role, Towers time. Me and flew me to L.A. to meet with Harry Cohn, president Columbia., October 21, 2019, Classic film & tv Cafe your clipboard for pasting or.., you have any feedback we would love to hear from you course I! Career updates everything about her family worth Constance was born in the Elizabeth Arden 1941 advertising campaign seen as of... 70 years old group 4400, and Cold Case have any feedback we would to. Have any feedback we would love to hear from you you sure that you to... On this tab and here you can Find out how much net Constance. Submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website Nicole off... Plays for the role, Towers spent time at exotic dance clubs in Los Angeles Center... Year and how she got rich at the time of her death, she played example. Said she died of non-communicable disease born July 23, 1923 at the age years old in.! Have 10 gift articles to give each month and graduated from St. Barnabas Grammar and High.! Biography, age, height, Biography as Wikipedia, husband, family relation hard, driving and... Everything about her family opera Another World Print archive, before the vehicle like see! Her significant other of Perry Mason I could open in three weeks family career. By a film agent spent time at exotic dance clubs in Los Angeles, Edit or Update.! Transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave married now ( the. About her family a model but ultimately headed to a career of actress! Take out chunks of the lorry before the start of online publication in 1996 `` 11!