Use the drop-down list to select a specific part of the site. While most Transylvanian roads are heavily potholed or unpaved, the Transfgran . Erkennungsnamen wurden, As communities got larger and people were more mobile or prestige-conscious,
This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. ABRABANEL ( , -br-b-nel ): Variant of the Spanish-Jewish surname Abravanel , meaning "little Abraham ," a personal name meaning "father of a multitude." Isaac Abrabanel (1437-1508), was a Jewish scholar and statesman. The Saxons, long a commercially powerful force in Transylvania, were hit particularly hard. Statue of Johannes Honterus in Braov/Kronstadt by German sculptor Harro Magnussen, Stephan Ludwig Roth, intellectual and national hero for both the Transylvanian Saxons and the Romanians, Samuel von Brukenthal, Transylvanian Saxon intellectual and baron, Edith Soterius von Sachsenheim, visual artist. Occupational, the second largest group of surnames, and nicknames are of mixed linguistic heritage, mainly Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, but with some Scandinavian influence as well. Arbeit-verwandt (der Berufsname oder auch eine Anspielung zu einer Arbeit,
Its county seat is Brevard.Transylvania County comprises the B. Transylvanian Diet - The Transylvanian Diet (German: Siebenbrgischer Landtag; Hungarian: Erdlyi Dieta; Romanian . The church is surrounded by walls 12 meters (40 feet) high and four meters (10 feet) thick. . curiosity factor. . For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Transylvanian Saxons . On the history of the Transylvanian Saxons, it is very important to note what former federal German president and professor doctor Theodor Heuss (FDP) stated, namely: "their history is a piece of German history as a whole".[21]. Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen
Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (in German) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . The word is made of two Slavic language words, namely 'bogu' meaning 'god' and 'dan' meaning 'given.'. 1935 Einwohnerbuch - Strehlen
In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. [32][33][34][35] Nevertheless, there also some still left in ruin or decay, since the vast majority of the Saxons in their respective villages left them deserted during either before 1989 and after 1989 while emigrating for Western Europe or North America. Cumans, Pechenegs, Mongols, and Tatars). Currently in Romania, about 60% of ethnic Germans reported being Roman Catholic and 40% Protestant (see Religion in Romania). However: surname spelling has only recently become fixed, and people sometimes
In Romanian, it is also known as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu. In Zeiden gebruchliche Redewendungen. Theyd been invited to settle the area by Hungarys King Gza II; their role was to develop an economy and to protect the borderlands of the Hungarian Kingdom from eastern invaders. Romanian Saxon villages might be tiny, but the churches are mighty. Alarmed by the knights' rapidly expanding power, in 1225 King Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Order from Transylvania permanently, which henceforth relocated to Prussia in 1226, although the colonists remained in Burzenland. Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. 9. Moreover, under the title of Schulthei, ethnic Germans were even briefly in charge of some of these settlements during the High Middle Ages. Sie kamen durch mit nur einen Namen
[37], Saxon colonization in Moldavia had likely occurred through a crossing from the Bistria area eastward and northward whereas Saxon colonization in Wallachia had likely occurred from the Sibiu/Hermannstadt area. In the Middle Ages, approximately 300 villages were defended by the Kirchenburgen, or fortified churches with massive walls and watch towers.[29]. The Transylvanian Saxon population has been steadily decreasing since World War II as they started leaving the territory of present-day Romania en masse during and after World War II, relocating initially to Austria, then predominantly to southern Germany (especially in Bavaria). Such an attack would often stem from the Cumans, for example, or from the Pechenegs. German borrowing of Jnos. . Old Town Braov one of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania. Almost all became Lutheran Protestants, with very few Calvinists, while other minor segments of the Transylvanian Saxon society remained staunchly Catholic (of Latin Rite, more specifically) or were converted to Catholicism later on. His family claimed descent from the royal house of David. It is, therefore, very important to highlight the fact that not all Transylvanian Saxon settlers were German-speaking given the fact that they also stemmed from the contemporary Low Countries (i.e. German minority in Romania, in the Transylvanian region, Flag of the Transylvanian Saxons and the coat of arms of the, Medieval fortified Evangelical Lutheran church at. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA (inglise keeles) The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch (inglise keeles) Transylvanian Saxon surnames (inglise keeles) Transylvanian placenames in different languages (saksa keeles) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (saksa keeles) . The surrounding area became known as the Nsnerland. [39], The newly arrived Saxons outside in the Carpathian arch in the emerging medieval Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia brought urbanisation, craftsmanship, trade, and the so-called German law, under which the local administrations of medieval Romanian towns had operated in the beginning.[40]. In the process of fortifying the borders of the Kingdom of Hungary to the east, they were early on helped by the Teutonic Knights. Surnames are now important in identifying individuals and families over time. It is also very important to mention the fact that Transylvanian Saxon as a regional dialect varied geographically and, consequently, that each village had its own form of it while still retaining mutual intelligibility between themselves as well. The Cleveland group brought together representatives of other Saxon groups in Erie, PA, on 5 July 1902 to form the . The Transylvanian Saxons origin and nature will be . Structured data. Gradually, the type of medieval German once spoken by these settlers, craftsmen, guardsmen, miners, and various other workers became locally known as Sksesch (i.e. At the time she didnt mind: as a young woman, it meant liberation from oppressive communism, a chance to forge a life on the back of newfound opportunities in a wealthier country. The similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar nature. This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. The Transylvanian Saxons represented one of the three nations that made up the Transylvanian feudal system. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages ; General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . . The Web
The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of . Building them was a shared community effort and worthy journey, but it hasnt been easy. In February 1942 and May 1943, Germany concluded agreements with Hungary and Romania respectively, following which the Germans who were fit for military service, although they were either Hungarian citizens (in Northern Transylvania, entered the composition of the Hungarian state through the Second Vienna Award) or Romanian citizens (in Southern Transylvania, remaining part of Romania), could be incorporated into the regular German military units, into the Waffen-SS and into war-producing enterprises or into the Organisation Todt. Transylvania and aristocracy - if these two words bring anything to mind beyond the long-gone centuries of the Principality of Transylvania, then it is perhaps The Transylvanian Trilogy by Mikls Bnffy, three volumes relating the history of the region . He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Unterabteile des Websites kann man durch die Drop-Down-Liste
On a scorching summer day in the Transylvanian village of apu (Abtsdorf an der Kokel in German), Doris-Evelyn Zakel is busy collecting pears from an old tree in the courtyard of her great aunts traditional Saxon home. Transylvanian Saxons, German-speaking population that in the Middle Ages settled in Transylvania, then part of Hungary. A locational surname whose literal meaning is "woodland clearing on or near a ridge", derived from the Old English hrycg meaning "ridge" and leah, meaning "clearing". Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. The process of emigration continued during communist rule in Romania. The Sachsenheim Originally a house purchased by the Transylvanian Saxons Sick Benefits Society in 1907, the Sachsenheim underwent major renovations in 1910 and 1925. Transylvanian Saxon/Siweberjesch-Sksesch Material. My great aunt lived here for more than 70 years, said Zakel, who bought the house last year from a family member. Original file (SVG file, nominally 900 600 pixels, file size: 16 KB) File information. Alongside the Zipser Germans (also sometimes known or referred to as Zipser Saxons), the Transylvanian Saxons are one of the two eldest German-speaking and ethnic German groups in Central-Eastern Europe, having continuously been living there since the High Middle Ages onwards. Barbu. The Hungarians, on the other hand, supported complete unification of Transylvania with the rest of Hungary. Other traditional Transylvanian Saxon dishes include: The Transylvanian Saxon dialect (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch or simply just Sksesch; German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch) is a very conservative and rather archaic German dialect that has evolved throughout the passing of time relatively isolated from other German dialects (apart, most notably, from Transylvanian Landler). The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Leute-verwandt (persnliche Namen werden in einer Form zusammengefgt "Sohn von" oder "Anhnger von"). Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. British Surnames (National Institute) Their region was called the Szszfld (Hungarian: Saxon Lands) or Kirlyfld (Royal Lands). [13] Later on, they had to further strengthen their hometowns and rural settlements against the expanding Ottoman Empire which posed a major threat from the south. The new pro-Soviet government of Romania suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties. ), Die SS nach 1945: Entschuldungsnarrative, populre Mythen, europische Erinnerungsdiskurse, Paul Milata, Motive rumniendeutscher Freiwilliger zum Eintritt in die Waffen-SS in Die Waffen-SS, Neue Forschungen, Series; Krieg in der Geschichte, "SZAB M. ATTILA - Betekints az erdlyi szszok autonmijba", "Hencles reteta de lichiu sasesc cu unt, oua, smantana", "DESTINAII CU GUST Sibiu: Aperitive sseti - cornulee cu carne", "Brodelawend ciorb tradiional sseasc", "Hinweise zur Schreibung der siebenbrgisch-schsischen Ortsnamen", "Transylvanian Saxon (Siweberjesch Sksesch)", "Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (Siebenbrgen-Lied)", "Curriculum vitae Prof. univ. . Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names
The Saxons remaining in Romania are represented by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR), the political platform that gave Romania its fifth president, Klaus Iohannis, who was firstly elected in 2014 and then re-elected by a landslide in 2019. In 2011, Peters changed his surname to Espenhorst. Pejmer and its shelter rooms. Fortification of the towns. Notably, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, a medieval realm that existed roughly . The Saxons that settled in Transylvania have no relationship with the Anglo-Saxons, nor the Saxons found in the present German state of Saxony. Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names, Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen
The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral at Baia as seen in autumn. It . Rumniendeutsche in der Waffen-SS, Bhlau Verlag Kln, Weimar, Wien 2007, History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe, the "national church" of the Transylvanian Saxons, Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, arrested by the Soviet Army and sent to labour camps, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania, Association of Transylvanian Saxons in Germany, List of fortified churches in Transylvania, Flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), "Siebenbrgen und die Siebenbrger Sachsen", "Bodo Lttgen: Positives Einwirken und Mut zur Vernderung", "The History Of The Zipser Germans In Central Europe", "Ethnic German repatriates: Historical background", "Transylvania and the Transylvanian Saxons", "Cine sunt saii i cum au contribuit la dezvoltarea Transilvaniei. Before their expulsion from communist Romania by communist and securist Romanian authorities, the Transylvanian Saxons formed distinct communities in their towns and villages, where they maintained their ethnic tradition characterised by specific customs, folklore, way of life, and distinctive clothing style (i.e. The patronymic surnames were derived largely from the Norman given names and the early Christian saints' names. The Mongol invasion of 1241-42 devastated much of the Kingdom of Hungary. Maier. It also has a series of characters which are different than in standard German (i.e. For decades, the main . und gebrauchten einen weiterern Erkennungsnamen nur wenn es ntig war. Source: Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons. Read about our approach to external linking. Heading into Saxon Transylvania is to get a glimpse into ancient rural Europe. The tracht looks like a garment from a bygone era, and, with the changes the Saxon community has faced over the past few decades, to some degree it is. Most colonists to this area came from Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Ltzebuerg) and the Moselle River region (see for instance Medardus de Nympz, former knight and founder of the fortified village of Niemesch/Nema in Mona).[22]. Saxons in Wallachia also settled in Rmnic (i.e. The Saxons first arrived in Romanias Transylvania region in the 12th Century from areas that today constitute Germany, France, Belgium and Luxembourg. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. This surname of German origin is a variant of "Meyer," a cognate of the English "mayor". Further or subsequent waves of German colonists in Transylvania also stemmed from more southern regions of present-day Germany such as Thuringia or even Bavaria (the latter particularly valid for the Saxons in northeastern Transylvania). Rooms were built inside the walls, serving as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times of siege. Today, relatively few still live in Romania, where the second last official census (carried out in 2011) indicated 36,042 Germans, out of which only 11,400 were of Transylvanian Saxon descent. [46], One prominent example of a local traditional dessert of the Transylvanian Saxons is the hanklich (Romanian: hencle or hencle ssesc), a sweet cheese pie with powdered sugar on top (variations include plums as main ingredients, raisins, or other dry fruits). "Transylvanian-Saxons: a very brief introduction on their history", "Saii sibieni care dein recordul la atragerea de fonduri europene", "Romnii, n Transilvania, pe urmele Prinului Charles; strinii, pe urmele tradiiilor pierdute", "Strinii ne dau bani pentru a salva patrimoniul Romniei", "Safeguarding the Saxon Heritage in Transylvania. . The settlers clear the forest and build houses. Prof. Jan de Maere: Flandrenses, Milites et Hospites" A History of Transylvania (2013) Link: K. Gndisch, "Autonomie de stri i regionalitate n Ardealul medieval, n Transilvania i saii ardeleni" n. Sohn von '' ) language and customs among foreign peoples, as colonists... Suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties German ( i.e Romania, about 60 % ethnic... Lexical nature and grammar nature top of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania, about 60 % of Germans. 600 pixels, file size: 16 KB ) file information potholed unpaved... 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